The results of the XX ^th All-Russian Student Olympiad "Instrument Engineering-2025" are considered.

Keywords: instrument engineering, Olympiad.

This article addresses the pressing issues of automation in block-based energy supply systems powered by renewable energy sources. These systems are increasingly used in decentralized and isolated energy networks, which imposes stringent requirements on their management, reliability, and adaptability under conditions of variable power generation. A systematic analysis is conducted of the key technical and organizational challenges arising in the design and operation of automated control systems for such complexes, including equipment heterogeneity, instability of weather-dependent generation, computational limitations of edge devices, and cybersecurity threats.

Keywords: automation, renewable energy, block complexes, digital twin, edge computing, SCADA.

The article presents a software and algorithmic complex for automated control of an auxiliary energy converter installation within a SCADA system (supervisory control and data acquisition). The development is designed for power installations and takes into account operational features such as vessel rolling, power failures, and the need for redundancy. The work defines the logical conditions of the system operation and the principles of emergency blocking. The algorithms are implemented in the Control Expert environment using the FBD (functional block diagram) language with timers and trigger circuits. Simulation testing was carried out, confirming the system's stability in normal and emergency operating modes. Integration with the Aveva Plant SCADA system was implemented, providing visualization, control, and diagnostics of the equipment.

Keywords: condensate pumps, automated control, backup start, emergency blocking, shipboard power systems, converter, SCADA System.

Modern civil aircraft predominantly rely on triple-redundant strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) for position determination. To achieve the required accuracy and reliability in aircraft positioning, the flight guidance computing system utilizes majority voting algorithms integrated within the aircraft's coordinate measurement and information system. This paper investigates several design variants of SINS majority voting algorithms using statistical modeling methods and presents the corresponding results.

Keywords: strapdown inertial navigation systems, majority voting algorithms, measurement and information system, statistical modeling method.

The aim of the work is to synthesize a digital twin based on OPC UA and software.

The authors determined that the use of OPC UA as a unified data exchange protocol ensures the scalability of the solution, the possibility of reuse of components and flexible configuration of the interaction logic.

The article provides an example of the practical implementation of a digital twin of a lathe, as a result of which, using the software products «Elikont-KS», «SimInTech» and «RPro», changes in the operating mode of the object are demonstrated under external influences.

The developed architecture demonstrates the possibility of integrating software tools of various levels to create a digital twin of technological equipment. The results presented in the article suggest that the approach proposed by the authors is applicable to the construction of industrial digital counterparts focused on adaptive modeling, forecasting and optimization of production processes.

The proposed approach demonstrates the basic functional implementation of a digital twin based on OPC UA and three software components. This approach can be easily adapted to other types of equipment and various technological processes, making it a versatile tool for modern production tasks.

Keywords: digital twin, OPC UA, simulation model, technological process, turning machine.

Possible methods to validate the performance during gas generator off-line tests were analyzed. Controlled parameters of gas pressure pulse in checking the performance of gas generators with long-lasting action using two-chamber gas collectors were justified. The work presents the results of calculation and experimental studies of the proposed test method developed to validate the internal ballistic characteristics of gas generators with long-lasting action.

Keywords: gas generator, gas collector, off-line tests, pressure pulse.

The research at studying the metrological parameters affecting the accuracy of measurements by a partially coherent interferometric installation is aimed. The control of the surface of a complex shape by automated interference devices and complexes operating in low-coherent light along the normal to the surface is carried out. When the surface planes change, a large variation in the relief appears and the angle of incidence of the light beam becomes different from normal, therefore, it is of interest to study the error in an inclined fall. The paper sets the goal, the task of the study and defines the method and object of the study. A scheme for the implementation of an experimental measuring installation, as well as a model for calculating the RMS deviation of the amplitude of the interference signal is presented. A formula that shows the dependence of the measurement error of the surface microrelief on the depth of the study area and the dependence of the measurement error on the angle of incidence of the light beam for different spot diameters on the surface has been obtained.

Keywords: surface, experimental measuring device, interference signal amplitudes, inclined incidence model, wavelength, measurement errors, depth of the study area, angle of incidence.

The article presents the importance of time in philosophy, in various areas of human activity and the influence of the time factor in the process of creation, production and operation of machines and mechanisms. The importance of a new phase-chronometric information technology based on the record stability of the applied technical means of modern domestic chronometry is presented.

Keywords: time, philosophical category, technical means, chronometry, information and metrological support.